-
- Linguistic Competence: Knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, syntax, and phonology to form correct sentences.
- Sociolinguistic Competence: Understanding how to use language appropriately based on the setting, topic, and relationship (e.g., formal vs. informal).
- Discourse Competence:
The ability to construct coherent, connected stretches of language, such as conversations, stories, or reports.
- Strategic Competence: The ability to use verbal and non-verbal strategies to fix communication breakdowns (e.g., asking for clarification, rephrasing) or manage gaps in knowledge.






























































































